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What is Statistics? In this lesson we will explore some relatable examples that used statistical reasoning and methodologies. Statistics is concerned with development and application of methods for designing, collecting, analyzing, interpreting and presenting data.

In a previous article, we outlined how you can summarize qualitative data using frequency tables and bar graphs. We now turn our attention to quantitative variables and their numerical, and graphical summaries.

Highlights We evaluate the fairness of the overtime games using the bootstrap statistical method by comparing the probability of a game being won by a team winning the overtime coin toss, and the probability of a game being won by a team losing the coin toss.

This lesson gives an intuitive explanation of the joint probability density function of two continuous random variables. We will mainly focus on understanding what bi-variate joint probability density functions are and then extend the concept to multivariate joint probability density functions.

This lesson uses an example of the joint probability mass function (joint PMF) of two random variables. We learn about joint probability mass functions (joint PMFs) by exploring these two discrete random variables jointly: number of goals scored by the home team in a football/soccer game, and the number of goals scored by the away/traveling team.

This lesson gives an intuitive introduction to the probability density function of a univariate continuous random variable. For a continuous random variable, the probability density function at a specific point can be thought of as the relative likelihood of observing values in a very small interval containing that specific point.

In a previous article, we outlined how you can install R and RStudio for Windows along with an accompanying video tutorial. We are now ready to load data in R and create summary tables and graphs.

About R programming language R is a programming language used for Statistical computing, data visualization and scientific report writing among other uses. It is an open-source software that is freely available for use on Windows, MacOs and Unix operating systems.